Therefore, the measure of tropical breed content, as determined by the hump height, is critical during carcass assessment. Thus, they are crossed with the taurine breeds to improve growth rate and meat quality without compromising their ability to survive in harsh environments. However, tropical beef cattle have a low growth rate and produce comparatively tougher meat with lower fat content than the taurine breeds. Tropical beef cattle breeds ( Bos indicus) are predominant in northern Australia (where over half of the Australian beef cattle herd is reared), due to their ability to adapt and survive in harsh environments characterized by poor feed quality, high ambient temperatures, and high parasite load. High beef quality standards are vital for consumer satisfaction, influencing the decision to re-purchase and maintain or increase the global market share of export-dependent beef industries. Characteristics such as loin eye muscle area (EMA) and subcutaneous fat depth are indicative of the amount of saleable carcass, while marbling score is a vital indicator of meat eating quality. The postmortem measurements of subcutaneous fat depth and marbling are useful in carcass grading as indirect meat quality indicators. Observable and measurable carcass traits are important in assigning meat quality values.
These findings suggest that SNP in the FABP4, SCD, and FASN genes may be used in carcass grading and meat quality improvement through marker-assisted selection of northern Australian crossbred beef cattle. Therefore, the hypothesis that SNP in the FABP4, SCD, and FASN genes are associated with chiller-assessed carcass traits of tropically adapted northern Australian crossbred beef cattle was accepted. Significant correlations were observed between carcass marbling score and subcutaneous fat depth within the FASN SNP locus ( p < 0.05). The CC genotype had a higher subcutaneous fat depth and marbling score ( p < 0.05) than the AA genotype. The FABP4 g.44677205A>G locus was significantly associated with hump height and correlated with loin eye muscle area (EMA p A locus was associated with subcutaneous fat depth and marbling score ( p < 0.05). Next-generation sequencing of the FASN, FABP4, and SCD genes identified multiple SNP loci that were correlated and significantly associated with carcass traits. Steers were slaughtered within 48 h of leaving the feedlot within a lairage period not exceeding 12 h and carcasses graded 12 h after slaughter. Fifty Bos indicus and Bos taurus crossbred steers were backgrounded on either buffel grass only, or buffel grass and desmanthus mixed pastures for 147 days and finished in a commercial feedlot for 110 days. The hypothesis tested was that SNP in the FABP4, SCD, and FASN genes are associated with chiller-assessed carcass traits of tropically adapted northern Australian crossbred beef cattle. This study explored the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in fatty acid binding protein 4 ( FABP4), stearoyl-CoA desaturase ( SCD), and fatty acid synthase ( FASN) genes that may influence the carcass traits of tropical crossbred beef cattle.
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